Hads gives clinically meaningful results as a psychological screening tool and can assess the symptom severity. Back to top back to had test depression back to had test anxiety other links. The hads was administered to 521 participants 275 controls and 246 inpatients and outpatients. Anxiety and depression affect pain drawings in cervical. The depressive and anxiety subscales are used to measure the severity of each disorder, with each containing seven. They should give an immediate response and be dissuaded from thinking too long about their answers. The hads hospital anxiety and depression scale aims to measure symptoms of anxiety hads anxiety and depression hads depression. A validation study of the hospital anxiety and depression scale.
Further detailed academic information on the had scale. Hospital anxiety and depression scale hads patients are asked to choose one response from the four given for each interview. Hads is not a suitable screening tool for symptoms of anxiety and depression in. Hads hospital anxiety and depression scale youtube. A validation study of the hospital anxiety and depression. The original article reporting on the development and evaluation of the scale can be found as follows. Hospital anxiety and depression scale hads was originally developed by zigmond and snaith 1983 and is commonly used by doctors to determine the levels of anxiety and depression that a person is experiencing.
To reduce the risk of a false positive bias, the scale does not assess symptoms of anxiety and depression related to. Bgp article hospital anxiety and depression had scale. What is the abbreviation for hospital anxiety and depression scale. Depression subscale of the hospital anxiety and depression. The hospital anxiety and depression scale hads acer. Hospital anxiety and depression scale scoring sheet. Hospital anxiety and depression scale scoring sheet yes definitely yes sometimes no, not much no, not at all 1. Read each item and circle the reply which comes closest to. In a crosssectional study, the hadsd and the bdi were applied to patients undergoing spine surgery for lumbar n9 or cervical spondylosis n17. It was divided into an anxiety subscale hadsa and a depression subscale hadsd both containing seven.
The hospital anxiety and depression scale hads is a selfrating scale that measures anxiety and depression in both hospital and community settings. Responses are based on the relative frequency of symptoms over the past week. The hospital anxiety and depression scale hads is a selfadministered measure used to screen for the presence of depression and anxiety. Hospital anxiety and depression scale hads spinal cord. Comparisons were made between the pain drawing and age, sex. This is a sample version of the hospital anxiety and. Hospital anxiety and depression scale, deutsche version. Hospital anxiety and depression scale occupational. Normative data for the hads from a large nonaclinical sample. Hospital anxiety and depression scale hads please check you.
Hospital anxiety and depression scale hads hospital anxiety and depression scale hads detects states of anxiety and depression in an adult population. No strong conclusions about the hads can therefore be drawn about the oldest. Problems in crosscultural use of the hospital anxiety and. Assesses anxiety and depression in a nonpsychiatric population. Preoperatively the patients completed a pain drawing, the hospital anxiety and depression scale hads, and a visual analogue scale vas. The hospital anxiety and depression scale hads is widely used to screen for anxiety and depression. The hospital anxiety and depression scale hads has been used in several languages to assess anxiety and depression in general hospital patients with good results. Hads abbreviation stands for hospital anxiety and depression scale. Hads anxiety and hads depression are unidimensional measures with. The patient should be instructed not to take too long over their replies.
The hospital anxiety and depression scale hads is a widely used questionnaire in health research. The hads was shown to be a valid tool for comparisons between sexes in. Subjects rate the 14 items on a fivepoint scale 04. Scores of 07 in respective subscales are considered normal, with 810 borderline and 11 or over indicating clinical caseness. The hospital anxiety and depression scale hads has been translated and widely used in several countries to assess anxiety and depression in general hospital patients with good results. The hospital anxiety and depression scale hads was developed by zigmond and snaith in 1983 to identify caseness possible and probable of anxiety disorders and depression among patients in nonpsychiatric hospital clinics. Comparisons were made between the pain drawing and age, sex, smoking, and employment status as well as hads and vas. The hads was developed to provide clinicians with an acceptable, reliable, valid and easy to use practical tool for identifying and quantifying depression and anxiety. Is the hospital anxiety and depression scale hads a. Hospital anxiety and depression scale hads was originally developed by zigmond and. What links here related changes upload file special pages permanent link page information. Seven of the items relate to anxiety and seven relate to depression.
The hospital anxiety and depression scale hads is a brief 14item, self report. Hospital anxiety and depression scale hads instructions. The hospital anxiety and depression scale, or hads, was designed to provide a simple yet reliable tool for use in medical practice. The pain drawing was evaluated according to four established methods, now modified for cervical conditions.
I get very frightened or have panic feelings for apparently no reason at all. A large literature is citable in support of its validity, but difficulties are increasingly being identified, such as inexplicably discrepant optimal cutpoints and inconsistent factorstructures. The hads can be used as a screening tool or can be used to track symptom. The hospital anxiety and depression scale hads is a valid and reliable selfrating scale that measures anxiety and depression in both hospital and community settings. Hospital anxiety and depression scale hads is commonly used by doctors to determine the levels of anxiety and depression that a patient is experiencing. The greek version of hads showed good psychometric properties and could serve as a useful tool for clinicians to assess anxiety. Pdf the hospital anxiety and depression scale researchgate. Outcome measure hospital anxiety and depression scale hads sensitivity to change yes population adult domain psychological status anxiety and depression type of measure selfreport scale icfcodes b152 emotional functions description the hads is a 14item selfreport measure, with seven items forming a depression subscale and another seven measuring anxiety. Hads can detect the presence and severity of mild degrees of mood disorder, anxiety and depression using one brief questionnaire. We aimed to investigate approaches to handling item nonresponse, varying sample size, proportion. Hospital anxiety and depression scale hads springerlink. The hospital anxiety and depression scale hads was devised 30 years ago by zigmond and snaith to measure anxiety and depression in a general medical population of patients. I wake early and then sleep badly for the rest of the night.
Diagnostic accuracy of the depression subscale of the hospital. To evaluate the accuracy of the depression subscale of hospital anxiety and depression scale hadsd in spine surgery, comparing it to beck depression inventory bdi. This is a self screening questionnaire for depression and anxiety. The term people who may have depression includes all people with a chronic physical health problem who may have depression. This page is about the meanings of the acronymabbreviationshorthand hads in the medical field in general and in the hospitals terminology in particular. The depression items tend to focus on the anhedonic symptoms of.
The 15th and 16th items represent the total anxiety and depression. Clinicians are aware that emotions play an important part in most illnesses. James university hospital, leeds, yorkshire, england abstract a selfassessment scale has been developed and found to be a reliable instrument for detecting states of depression and anxi. General practitioners gps diagnostic skills lead to underidentification of generalized anxiety disorders gad and major depressive episodes mde. Handling missing items in the hospital anxiety and. Hospital anxiety and depression scale hads stroke engine. Hospital anxiety and depression scale the hads is a selfadministered scale consisting of 14 items split across anxiety and depression subscales, each with a fourpoint ordinal response format. Review the validity of the hospital anxiety and depression. In spite of its large use, no agreement exists in literature on hads accuracy in case finding. It was divided into an anxiety subscale hadsa and a depression subscale hadsd both containing seven intermingled items. Tick the box beside the reply that is closest to how you have been feeling in the past week. Validation of the hospital anxiety and depression scale for use with adolescents.
Hospital anxiety and depression scale hads was originally developed by zigmond and snaith 1983 and is commonly used by doctors to determine the. The hads hospital anxiety and depression scale aims to measure. Is the hospital anxiety and depression scale hads a reliable. A valid and reliable selfrating scale that measures anxiety and depression in both hospital and community settings. Hospital anxiety and depression scale hads accuracy in. The aims of this study were to examine the usefulness of the hospital anxiety and depression rating scale hads for gps by. Most physicians are aware of this aspect of the illness of their patients but many feel incompetent to provide the patient with reliable information. Hospital anxiety and depression scale hads a reliable selfrating scale that measures anxiety and depression. The questions relating to anxiety are marked a, and to depression d. Hospital anxiety and depression scale hads hospital anxiety and depression scale hads is an instrument designed to detect the presence and severity of mild degrees of mood disorder, anxiety and depression. If your clinician knows about these feelings he or she will be able to help you more. The hospital anxiety and depression scale hads is a widely used questionnaire in health research, but there is little guidance on how to handle missing items.
It is used extensively in france, but has never been the subject of a full study in a population at work. The hospital anxiety and depression scale 363 table 1 numbers of patients in each category according to subscale scores depression scale non doubtful scores cases cases cases 07 57 11 1 810 8 7 3 1121 1 4 8 and the rating scale of any respondent who replied positively to either of these questions was discarded. The hospital anxiety and depression scale hads is a selfreport questionnaire designed to screen anxious and depressive states in patients in nonpsychiatric settings. The validity of the hospital anxiety and depression scale. The hospital anxiety and depression scale hads has been translated and widely used in several countries to assess. If your doctor knows about these feelings he or she will be able to help you more. The depression subscale of the hospital anxiety and depression scale hadsd is the most commonly used screening tool in medically ill patients. This questionnaire is designed to help your doctor know how you feel.
A 14item questionnaire with two subscales, researchers have used the subscales separately, or as a composite score to measure or screen for distress, in various fields including oncology, cardiology, psychology and psychiatry, both in research and clinical capacities. It has become a popular tool, for clinical practice and research. The hads is widely used but has shown ambiguous results both regarding the factor structure and sex differences in the prevalence of depressive symptoms. Supplement of brief questionnaires could improve the diagnostic accuracy of gps for these common mental disorders. The hospital anxiety and depression scale hads assesses anxiety and depression in a nonpsychiatric population through selfreporting. The hospital anxiety and depression scale hads is a bidirectional selfassessment scale used to screen for clinical depression and anxiety in hospital outpatient medical clinics. Hads is a selfreport questionnaire consisting of 16 items, the first 14 of which are scored. Is the hospital anxiety and depression scale hads a valid. There is a need to assess the contribution of mood disorder, especially anxiety and depression, in order to understand the experience of suffering in the setting of medical practice. The hospital anxiety and depression scale hads is a questionnaire widely used for detecting anxiety and depressive disorders. Read each item and place a firm tick in the box opposite the reply which. Hospital anxiety and depression scale hads tick the box beside the reply that is closest to how you have been feeling in the past week. This, it was hoped, would create a tool for the detection of anxiety and depression in people with physical health problems. The depression subscale of the hospital anxiety and depression scale hads d is the most commonly used screening tool in medically ill patients.
Originally developed by zigmond and snaith 1983 and is commonly used to determine the levels of anxiety and depression that a. This questionnaire is designed to help your clinician to know how you feel. The hospital anxiety and depression scale health and. Definition of hads in the acronyms and abbreviations directory. Is the hospital anxiety and depression scale hads a reliable screening tool in. The hospital anxiety and depression scale, or hads, was. Hospital anxiety and depression scale hads doctors are aware that emotions play an important part in most illnesses. This should be supported by use of a formal rating scale for symptom severity for example, patient health questionnaire phq9, hospital anxiety and depression scale hads. For details of the assessment see appendix c of nice clinical guideline 90 and 91. Doctors are aware that emotions play an important part in most illnesses. A validation study of the hospital anxiety and depression scale hads in different groups of dutch subjects. Given the diverse variety of models tested that were drawn from both normal. Pdf hospital anxiety and depression scale hads aastha. The hospital anxiety and depression scale hads 1 was developed by zigmond and snaith in 1983 to identify caseness possible and probable of anxiety disorders and depression among patients in nonpsychiatric hospital clinics.
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